TV Glossary: Terms Explained from A to Z

TV Glossary: Terms Explained from A to Z

Television specifications and product pages use a dense mix of abbreviations, technology names and marketing terms, from contrast ratio and peak brightness to VRR, ALLM and eARC. This glossary collects that vocabulary from A to Z in one place, with a short, plain explanation for each term.

Use it whenever you come across an unfamiliar word on this site or on a product listing elsewhere. Each entry links back to the overview page or guide where the term is discussed in more practical depth, so the glossary works both as a quick lookup while you are comparing televisions and as a starting point for exploring a topic further, such as moving from a short definition of HDR straight into our full HDR guide.

4

  • 4K UHD4K UHD is a screen resolution of 3840 by 2160 pixels, four times as many pixels as Full HD.

8

  • 8K8K is a display resolution of 7680 by 4320 pixels, four times the pixel count of 4K, though native 8K content…

A

  • ALLMALLM, auto low latency mode, lets a connected console or PC automatically switch a television into its low la…
  • AV receiverAn AV receiver is a central audio and video hub that connects sources and speakers, amplifying sound for a fu…

B

  • Burn-inBurn-in is faint, permanent image retention that can develop after long exposure to the same static content o…

C

  • CalibrationCalibration is the process of adjusting a television's picture settings so the image matches an accurate, con…
  • CI+ slotA CI+ slot is a card reader built into many televisions that, together with a module and subscription card, u…
  • Contrast ratioContrast ratio compares a television's brightest white to its darkest black, and shapes how punchy the pictur…

D

  • Dolby AtmosDolby Atmos is an object based surround sound format that adds a sense of overhead height to a film or show's…
  • Dolby VisionDolby Vision is a licensed HDR format that uses dynamic, scene by scene metadata for precise brightness and c…
  • DVB-CDVB-C is the digital cable broadcasting standard that delivers television channels through a coaxial cable ne…
  • DVB-S2DVB-S2 is the digital satellite broadcasting standard that carries free to air and pay television channels to…
  • DVB-T2DVB-T2 is the digital terrestrial broadcasting standard that delivers free to air television through a roofto…

E

  • eARCeARC is the enhanced audio return channel over HDMI that sends high quality, multi channel sound from a TV to…
  • Edge-litEdge-lit describes an LCD backlight design where the LEDs sit only around the edges of the frame rather than …
  • EU energy labelThe EU energy label is the standardised A to G rating, shown on and near televisions sold in the EU, for comp…

F

  • Filmmaker ModeFilmmaker Mode is a standardised picture preset that turns off motion smoothing and extra processing to match…
  • Full-array local dimmingFull-array local dimming spreads LEDs across the entire back of an LCD screen and dims them in independent zo…

H

  • HbbTVHbbTV is a broadcast standard that adds interactive, internet connected features, such as catch up players, o…
  • HDCPHDCP is the copy protection system built into HDMI connections that stops protected video and audio from bein…
  • HDMI 2.1HDMI 2.1 is the HDMI version that enables 4K at 120 Hz, VRR, ALLM and eARC over a single cable rated up to 48…
  • HDMI-CECHDMI-CEC lets HDMI connected devices control one another, such as a single remote turning on a television and…
  • HDRHDR, high dynamic range, allows a television to show brighter highlights and darker shadows at the same time,…
  • HDR10HDR10 is the open, royalty free HDR format that applies one fixed set of brightness metadata across a whole f…
  • HDR10+HDR10+ builds on standard HDR10 by adding dynamic, scene by scene metadata for more precise brightness and co…
  • HLGHLG, Hybrid Log-Gamma, is an HDR format built for broadcast television that works without separate metadata.

I

  • Input lagInput lag is the delay between pressing a button on a controller and seeing the result appear on the televisi…

L

  • LCDLCD, liquid crystal display, is the technology behind most televisions sold today, including QLED and Mini-LE…
  • LED backlightAn LED backlight is the light source behind an LCD television, shining through the liquid crystal layer to fo…

M

  • Media playerA media player is a box shaped streaming device that plugs into a TV, generally more powerful than a small st…
  • Micro-LEDMicro-LED is a display technology where microscopic LEDs form the picture directly, with no backlight or liqu…
  • Mini-LEDMini-LED is an LCD backlight built from thousands of small LEDs, allowing much finer local dimming than older…
  • Motion smoothingMotion smoothing is a picture processing feature that inserts extra generated frames to reduce blur during fa…

O

  • OLEDOLED is a screen technology where every pixel produces its own light, giving deep blacks and wide viewing ang…

P

  • Peak brightness (nits)Peak brightness, measured in nits, describes the highest brightness level a television can reach, especially …
  • ProjectorA projector is a device that displays a picture by shining light onto a screen or wall, offering a much large…

Q

  • QD-OLEDQD-OLED combines a self emissive OLED layer with a quantum dot colour layer instead of the usual colour filte…
  • QLEDQLED is an LCD television with an added quantum dot layer that widens and deepens the colours it can display.
  • Quantum dotQuantum dots are nanoscale particles that convert light into very precise colours, used in QLED and QD-OLED t…

R

  • Reflections and glareReflections and glare are windows, lamps or bright objects mirrored in the screen, which reduce visible contr…
  • Refresh rate (Hz)Refresh rate, measured in Hz, is how many times per second a television redraws the picture, which affects mo…

S

  • Smart TVA smart TV is a television with a built in internet connection and app platform, so streaming services can be…
  • SoundbarA soundbar is a single, elongated speaker unit that sits under or in front of a television to replace its thi…
  • Standby powerStandby power is the small amount of electricity a television continues to draw while switched off but still …
  • Streaming stickA streaming stick is a small, HDMI plug in dongle that adds or upgrades streaming apps on any television, sma…
  • SubwooferA subwoofer is a dedicated speaker built specifically to reproduce low bass frequencies that smaller speakers…

T

  • TV operating systemThe TV operating system is the underlying software on a smart TV that runs its home screen, app store, settin…
  • TV tunerA TV tuner is the built in component that receives and decodes broadcast television signals from an antenna, …

V

  • VESA patternThe VESA pattern is the standardised grid of screw holes on the back of a television used to attach wall moun…
  • Viewing angleViewing angle describes how consistent a television's picture stays when watched from the side rather than st…
  • Viewing distanceViewing distance is the distance between the seating and the screen, which determines how large and sharp a t…
  • VRRVRR, variable refresh rate, lets a television match its refresh rate to a connected game console or PC's chan…

W

  • Wall mountA wall mount is a bracket that fixes a television to a wall, using the screw holes on the back of the TV rath…
  • WRGB OLEDWRGB OLED is an OLED panel design that adds a white sub pixel alongside red, green and blue to help boost bri…